> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/web3-security-research/foundry/signature.md).

# Signature

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/cs5IeYqviSQ>" %}
Signature
{% endembed %}

## Setup

Test file:

```solidity
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

import "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract SignTest is Test {
    // private key = 123
    // public key = vm.addr(private key)
    // message = "secret message"
    // message hash = keccak256(message)
    // vm.sign(private key, message hash)
    function testSignature() public {
        uint256 privateKey = 123;
        // Computes the address for a given private key.
        address alice = vm.addr(privateKey);

        // Test valid signature
        bytes32 messageHash = keccak256("Signed by Alice");

        (uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) = vm.sign(privateKey, messageHash);
        address signer = ecrecover(messageHash, v, r, s);

        assertEq(signer, alice);

        // Test invalid message
        bytes32 invalidHash = keccak256("Not signed by Alice");
        signer = ecrecover(invalidHash, v, r, s);

        assertTrue(signer != alice);
    }
}
```

## Public key and private key

Private key is just a random uint256. To compute public key from private key, use `vm.addr()`:

```solidity
        uint256 privateKey = 123;
        // Computes the address for a given private key.
        address alice = vm.addr(privateKey);
```

## vm.sign()

Prepare a message and sign it using `vm.sign()`, which returns the (v, r, s) tuple:

```solidity
        bytes32 messageHash = keccak256("Signed by Alice");

        (uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) = vm.sign(privateKey, messageHash);
        address signer = ecrecover(messageHash, v, r, s);

        assertEq(signer, alice);
```

Testing a failed case:

```solidity
        bytes32 invalidHash = keccak256("Not signed by Alice");
        signer = ecrecover(invalidHash, v, r, s);

        assertTrue(signer != alice);
```


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