Gobuster / Feroxbuster / FUFF / Wfuzz
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A website is a public interface of the backend webserver. The webserver hosts many directories with files in them, and these directories and files are called assets. If any asset gives permission to the public, then an user could access this asset through browser, cURL, etc. As a pentester, we are interested in these assets but we don't know their names since most likely we are doing black-box pentesting. The process of discovering assets is called asset discovery.
The idea of asset discovery is the same as password dictionary attack: we prepare a dictionary (usually /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt) and go through each possible name. A status code 200 indicates that the asset exists on the webserver and we have enough permission to visit it.
The dir mode in Gobuster handles asset discovery:
FFUF (Fuzz Faster U Fool) is a fast web fuzzer written in Go.
Install FUFF:
Upgrade FUFF:
Install SecLists:
On Kali:
On Hack The Box Pwnbox:
Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names on a single server. In other word, virtual hosting maps one IP address to multiple domain names (or subdomains). In CTF-style pentesting, there may exist hidden websites hosting on hidden subdomains. Again, as a pentester, we are interested in these subdomains but we don't know their names since most likely we are doing black-box pentesting.The process of discovering this subdomain is called VHost discovery.
If directory fuzzing does not find anything useful, it is time for doing VHost fuzzing, which discovers virtual hosts hosting on the same server.
a.hacker.htb
b.hacker.htb
c.hacker.htb
...
until we find a hidden subdomain that hosts a website.
The vhost mode in Gobuster handles VHost discovery:
Try brute-forcing subdomain names:
Here we will get tons of false positives. In order to get rid of non-existent subdomain names, use the -hw flag to filter out them:
Suppose we found a valid subdomain name 1337, add it to /etc/hosts :
For example, our target has domain name is hacker.htb and port 80 is open. If we don't find anything through directory fuzzing, we should prepare a dictionary () and search (or ) for potential subdomains:
