# Code Review: Initialization

## Setup

Clone sqlmap:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git
```

I recommend reading the source code in VScode.

## sqlmap.py

`sqlmap.py` is the entrance of sqlmap. An attacker would run:

```bash
python3 sqlmap.py -u <url> --users
```

It basically does the following things:

```python
...

if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        main()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    except SystemExit:
        raise
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()
    finally:
        # Reference: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1635080/terminate-a-multi-thread-python-program
        if threading.active_count() > 1:
            os._exit(getattr(os, "_exitcode", 0))
        else:
            sys.exit(getattr(os, "_exitcode", 0))
else:
    # cancelling postponed imports (because of CI/CD checks)
    __import__("lib.controller.controller")
```

## main

Take a look at the main function:

```python
def main():
    """
    Main function of sqlmap when running from command line.
    """

    try:
        dirtyPatches()
        resolveCrossReferences()
        checkEnvironment()
        setPaths(modulePath())
        banner()

        # Store original command line options for possible later restoration
        args = cmdLineParser()
        cmdLineOptions.update(args.__dict__ if hasattr(args, "__dict__") else args)
        initOptions(cmdLineOptions)

        if checkPipedInput():
            conf.batch = True

        if conf.get("api"):
            # heavy imports
            from lib.utils.api import StdDbOut
            from lib.utils.api import setRestAPILog

            # Overwrite system standard output and standard error to write
            # to an IPC database
            sys.stdout = StdDbOut(conf.taskid, messagetype="stdout")
            sys.stderr = StdDbOut(conf.taskid, messagetype="stderr")

            setRestAPILog()

        conf.showTime = True
        dataToStdout("[!] legal disclaimer: %s\n\n" % LEGAL_DISCLAIMER, forceOutput=True)
        dataToStdout("[*] starting @ %s\n\n" % time.strftime("%X /%Y-%m-%d/"), forceOutput=True)

        init()
        
        ...
```

Pay attention to these 5 functions:

* `dirtyPatches()`
* `resolveCrossReferences()`
* `checkEnvironment()`
* `setPaths()`
* `banner()`

We shall track them down one after another.

## dirtyPatches()

This function can be found at `lib.core.patch`:

```python
def dirtyPatches():
    """
    Place for "dirty" Python related patches
    """

    # accept overly long result lines (e.g. SQLi results in HTTP header responses)
    _http_client._MAXLINE = 1 * 1024 * 1024

    # prevent double chunked encoding in case of sqlmap chunking (Note: Python3 does it automatically if 'Content-length' is missing)
    if six.PY3:
        if not hasattr(_http_client.HTTPConnection, "__send_output"):
            _http_client.HTTPConnection.__send_output = _http_client.HTTPConnection._send_output

        def _send_output(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if conf.get("chunked") and "encode_chunked" in kwargs:
                kwargs["encode_chunked"] = False
            self.__send_output(*args, **kwargs)

        _http_client.HTTPConnection._send_output = _send_output

    # add support for inet_pton() on Windows OS
    if IS_WIN:
        from thirdparty.wininetpton import win_inet_pton

    # Reference: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/12786#issuecomment-298652440
    codecs.register(lambda name: codecs.lookup("utf-8") if name == "cp65001" else None)

    # Reference: http://bugs.python.org/issue17849
    if hasattr(_http_client, "LineAndFileWrapper"):
        def _(self, *args):
            return self._readline()

        _http_client.LineAndFileWrapper._readline = _http_client.LineAndFileWrapper.readline
        _http_client.LineAndFileWrapper.readline = _

    # to prevent too much "guessing" in case of binary data retrieval
    thirdparty.chardet.universaldetector.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD = 0.90

    match = re.search(r" --method[= ](\w+)", " ".join(sys.argv))
    if match and match.group(1).upper() != PLACE.POST:
        PLACE.CUSTOM_POST = PLACE.CUSTOM_POST.replace("POST", "%s (body)" % match.group(1))

    # https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap/issues/4314
    try:
        os.urandom(1)
    except NotImplementedError:
        if six.PY3:
            os.urandom = lambda size: bytes(random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(size))
        else:
            os.urandom = lambda size: "".join(chr(random.randint(0, 255)) for _ in xrange(size))
```

It is called "dirty patch" since all it does is some dirty work, which is not really important for main functionalities.

## resolveCrossReference()

Here is an example of cross reference:

```python
# In a.py
from b import b_var
a_var = 1

# In b.py
from a import a_var
b_var = 2
```

This is kind of similar to a "deadlock" situation. The function `resolveCrossReference()` intends to solve this problem.

This function can be found at `lib.core.patch`:

```python
def resolveCrossReferences():
    """
    Place for cross-reference resolution
    """

    lib.core.threads.isDigit = isDigit
    lib.core.threads.readInput = readInput
    lib.core.common.getPageTemplate = getPageTemplate
    lib.core.convert.filterNone = filterNone
    lib.core.convert.isListLike = isListLike
    lib.core.convert.shellExec = shellExec
    lib.core.convert.singleTimeWarnMessage = singleTimeWarnMessage
    lib.core.option._pympTempLeakPatch = pympTempLeakPatch
    lib.request.connect.setHTTPHandlers = _setHTTPHandlers
    lib.utils.search.setHTTPHandlers = _setHTTPHandlers
    lib.controller.checks.setVerbosity = setVerbosity
    lib.utils.sqlalchemy.getSafeExString = getSafeExString
    thirdparty.ansistrm.ansistrm.stdoutEncode = stdoutEncode
```

## checkEnvironment()

This function can be found at `sqlmap.py`:

```python
def checkEnvironment():
    try:
        os.path.isdir(modulePath())
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        errMsg = "your system does not properly handle non-ASCII paths. "
        errMsg += "Please move the sqlmap's directory to the other location"
        logger.critical(errMsg)
        raise SystemExit

    if LooseVersion(VERSION) < LooseVersion("1.0"):
        errMsg = "your runtime environment (e.g. PYTHONPATH) is "
        errMsg += "broken. Please make sure that you are not running "
        errMsg += "newer versions of sqlmap with runtime scripts for older "
        errMsg += "versions"
        logger.critical(errMsg)
        raise SystemExit

    # Patch for pip (import) environment
    if "sqlmap.sqlmap" in sys.modules:
        for _ in ("cmdLineOptions", "conf", "kb"):
            globals()[_] = getattr(sys.modules["lib.core.data"], _)

        for _ in ("SqlmapBaseException", "SqlmapShellQuitException", "SqlmapSilentQuitException", "SqlmapUserQuitException"):
            globals()[_] = getattr(sys.modules["lib.core.exception"], _)
```

## setPaths()

## banner()
