> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science.md). # Computer Science - [Linux](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/linux.md) - [Setup](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/linux/setup.md) - [curl](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/linux/curl.md) - [Hard Link vs. Symlink](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/linux/hard-link-vs.-symlink.md) - [Man Page](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/linux/man-page.md) - [/dev/null](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/linux/dev-null.md) - [Python](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python.md) - [New Features](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/new-features.md) - [Operators, Expressions, and Data Manipulation](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/operators-expressions-and-data-manipulation.md) - [Program Structure and Control Flow](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/program-structure-and-control-flow.md) - [Objects, Types, and Protocols](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/objects-types-and-protocols.md) - [Functions 101](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/functions-101.md) - [Generators](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/generators.md) - [Classes and Object-Oriented Programming](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/classes-and-object-oriented-programming.md) - [Memory Management](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/memory-management.md) - [Concurrency and Parallelism](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/concurrency-and-parallelism.md) - [Multithreading and Thread Safety](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/concurrency-and-parallelism/multithreading-and-thread-safety.md): Multithreading - [Asynchronization](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/concurrency-and-parallelism/asynchronization.md) - [Multiprocessing](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/concurrency-and-parallelism/multiprocessing.md) - [Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/concurrency-and-parallelism/global-interpreter-lock-gil.md) - [Built-in Functions and Standard Library](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library.md) - [import collections](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library/import-collections.md) - [import itertools](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library/import-itertools.md) - [import sys](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library/import-sys.md) - [import re](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library/import-re.md): Regular Expressions - [import pickle](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library/import-pickle.md): Serialization and Deserialization - [import json](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/built-in-functions-and-standard-library/import-json.md): Serialization and Deserialization - [Third-party Library](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/third-party-library.md) - [from pwn import \*](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/third-party-library/from-pwn-import.md): Pwntools - [import requests](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/third-party-library/import-requests.md): HTTP for Humans - [from bs4 import BeautifulSoup](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/third-party-library/from-bs4-import-beautifulsoup.md): BeautifulSoup - [from scapy.all import \*](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/third-party-library/from-scapy.all-import.md): Packet Manipulation - [py2exe](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/python/third-party-library/py2exe.md): Source code => Windows exe - [HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and React](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react.md) - [HTML](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/html.md) - [CSS](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/css.md) - [JavaScript](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript.md) - [var vs. let](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript/var-vs.-let.md) - [Objects](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript/objects.md) - [Arrays](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript/arrays.md) - [Functions](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript/functions.md) - [Modules](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript/modules.md) - [Asynchronous JavaScript](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/javascript/asynchronous-javascript.md) - [React](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/html-css-javascript-and-react/react.md) - [Data Structures and Algorithms](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/data-structures-and-algorithms.md) - [Binary Search](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/data-structures-and-algorithms/binary-search.md) - [The Linux Programming Interface](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface.md) - [Processes](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes.md) - [Memory Allocation](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes/memory-allocation.md) - [The Process API](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes/the-process-api.md) - [Process Creation](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes/process-creation.md) - [Process Termination](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes/process-termination.md) - [Monitoring Child Processes](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes/monitoring-child-processes.md) - [Program Execution](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/processes/program-execution.md) - [Signals](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/signals.md) - [Threads](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/threads.md) - [Thread Synchronization](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/threads/thread-synchronization.md) - [Thread Safety and Pre-Thread Storage](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/threads/thread-safety-and-pre-thread-storage.md) - [IPC](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/ipc.md) - [Pipes and FIFOs](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/ipc/pipes-and-fifos.md) - [Memory Mappings](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/ipc/memory-mappings.md) - [Virtual Memory Operations](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/ipc/virtual-memory-operations.md) - [Sockets](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/the-linux-programming-interface/sockets.md) - [Computer Systems](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems.md) - [Hexadecimal](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/hexadecimal.md) - [Signedness](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/signedness.md) - [Registers](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/registers.md) - [Instructions](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/instructions.md) - [Syscall](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/syscall.md) - [Process Memory](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/process-memory.md) - [Stack Frame](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/stack-frame.md) - [Preemptive Multitasking](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/preemptive-multitasking.md) - [IPC](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/ipc.md) - [Threads](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/computer-systems/threads.md) - [Databases](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases.md) - [MySQL](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql.md) - [Basic Syntax](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql/basic-syntax.md) - [Data Types](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql/data-types.md) - [Modifying Tables](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql/modifying-tables.md) - [Duplicating and Deleting](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql/duplicating-and-deleting.md) - [SELECT](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql/select.md) - [Transaction](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/mysql/transaction.md) - [GraphQL](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/databases/graphql.md) - [Distributed Systems](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems.md): "A distributed system is one in which the failure of a computer you didn't even know existed can render your own computer unusable." -- Leslie Lamport - [Introduction](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/introduction.md) - [What is a Distributed System?](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/introduction/what-is-a-distributed-system.md) - [Design Goals](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/introduction/design-goals.md) - [Scaling Techniques](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/introduction/scaling-techniques.md) - [Types of Distributed Systems](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/introduction/types-of-distributed-systems.md) - [Architecture](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/architecture.md) - [System Architectures](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/architecture/system-architectures.md): Centralization vs. Decentralization - [Example Architectures](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/architecture/example-architectures.md): NFS and the Web - [Communication](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/communication.md) - [Foundations](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/communication/foundations.md) - [Remote Procedure Call](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/communication/remote-procedure-call.md) - [Message-oriented Communication](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/communication/message-oriented-communication.md) - [Coordination](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/coordination.md) - [Clock Synchronization](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/coordination/clock-synchronization.md) - [Logical Clock](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/coordination/logical-clock.md) - [Consistency and Replication](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/consistency-and-replication.md) - [Introduction](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/consistency-and-replication/introduction.md) - [Data-centric Consistency](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/consistency-and-replication/data-centric-consistency.md): Sequential Consistency + Causal Consistency + Entry Consistency + Eventual Consistency - [Client-centric Consistency](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/distributed-systems/consistency-and-replication/client-centric-consistency.md): Monotonic Reads + Monotonic Writes + Read Your Writes + Writes Follow Reads - [Static Analysis](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis.md) - [Intermediate Representation](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/intermediate-representation.md) - [Data Flow Analysis](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/data-flow-analysis.md) - [Interprocedural Analysis](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/interprocedural-analysis.md) - [Pointer Analysis](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/pointer-analysis.md) - [Static Analysis for Security](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/static-analysis-for-security.md) - [Datalog-Based Program Analysis](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/datalog-based-program-analysis.md) - [Soundness and Soundiness](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/soundness-and-soundiness.md) - [CFL-Reachability and IFDS](https://ret2basic.gitbook.io/ctfnote/computer-science/static-analysis/cfl-reachability-and-ifds.md)